IGBO POST-CONTACT PROVERBS OF THE INYI COMMUNITY

Main Article Content

Jephthah Elochukwu Unaegbu

Abstract

This article is on post-contact proverbs in Inyi community of southeastern Nigeria. Before now, there is no ethnography on post-con-tact Inyi proverbs. To acquire data, the researcher used the quantitative research method. Interview schedule and participant observation are the instruments of data collection. Post-contact proverbs in Inyi were obtained from Umunna meetings and traditional marriage ceremonies and also from respondents who are Okenyes or Inyi elders versed in Inyi culture. The meanings of these proverbs and the occasions in which they are used were also obtained. Forty-four post-contact proverbs were collected during the fieldwork. The eleven (11) contact proverbs which were obtained during participant observation were utilized by Inyi indigenes who were younger than the Okenyes. The remaining thirty-three post-contact proverbs came from the Okenyes. The need for a wider study of Igbo post-contact proverbs is advanced.

Article Details

Keywords:
Paremiology, Post-Contact Proverbs, Auto-ethnography, Social change
How to Cite
Unaegbu, J. E. “IGBO POST-CONTACT PROVERBS OF THE INYI COMMUNITY”. Proverbium - Yearbook, vol. 37, no. 1, Aug. 2020, pp. 311-340, https://naklada.ffos.hr/casopisi/index.php/proverbium/article/view/453.

References

Books:

Amadiume, S. (1995). Ilu Ndi Igbo: A Study of Igbo Proverbs. Vol. 2. Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishing Co. Ltd.

Basden, G.T. (1966). Among the Ibos of Nigeria. London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd.

Basden, G.T. (1983). Among the Ibos of Nigeria. np: University Publishing Co .

Burkill, H.M. (1985). The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 3. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.

Carnochan, J. & Belonwu, I. (1963). An Igbo Revision Course. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Davids, P. K. (1980). Ilulu Igbo—N’ime Igbo: The Text Book of Igbo Proverbs. Onitsha: University Publishing Co.

Duru, F.C. (2014). Uka Wu Ilu: A Compendium of Igbo Idioms and Proverbs. NP: Oyster St. Iyke.

Hirsch, E. D., Joseph Kett, Jame Trefil. (1988). The dictionary of cultural literacy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Igbo, E.U.M. & Anugwom, E.E. (2002). Social Change and Social Problems: A Nigerian Perspective. Nsukka: AP Express Publishing Company.

Madu, P.O.B. (2010). Facts about Inyi. Lagos: Omot-T Professional Printers.

Mberedeogu, M.O.A. (2009). Broken: The Story of Inyi: Told and Untold. np:Sagg & Scorpio Communications.

Meek, C.K. (1931). Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd.

Mieder, Wolfgang. (1990). Not By Bread Alone: Proverbs of the Bible. London: New England Press.

Njoku, J. E. (1978). A Dictionary of Igbo Nmaes, Culture and Proverbs. US: University Press of America.

Njoku, J.E. (1990). The Igbos of Nigeria: Ancient Rites, Changes and Survival. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.

Northcote, T.W. (1913). Anthropological Report on the Ibo-speaking Peoples of Nigeria, Part III, Proverbs, Narratives, Vocabularies and Grammar. London: Harrison and Sons.

Nwadike, I.U. (2009). The Igbo Proverb: A Wider Perspective. Nsukka: Paschal Communications.

Obi, G.A.O. (1978). Amamihe: A Revision Course in Igbo. Ibadan: Oxford University Press.

Ogbalu, F.C. (1965). Ilu Igbo (The Book of Igbo Proverbs). Onitsha: University Publishing Co.

Ogbalu, F.C. (1974). School Certificate/ G.C.E. Igbo. Onitsha: University Publishing Co.

Okafor, R.C. (2001). Wisdoms of My Elders: 1001 Imezi-Owa Proverbs. Enugu: New Generation Books.

Okonkwo, M.N. (1977). A Complete Course in Igbo Grammar. (3rd Edition). Ibadan: Macmillan Nigeria.

Onuigbo, S. & Unaegbu, J. (2012). 50 Years of African Studies. The History of The Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (1963-2013). Nsukka: Institute of African Studies.

Onwumechili, C.A. (2006). Inyi Home Affairs. Lagos: Omot-T Professional Printers.

Penfield, J. (1983). Communicating with Quotes: The Igbo Case. Westport: Greenwood Press.

Permiakov, G.L. (1971). Paremiologicheskie eksperiment. Materialy diia paremiologicheskogo minima. Moskva: Nauka.

Permiakov, G.L. (1979). From Proverb to Folk-tale: Notes on the General Theory of Cliche. Moscow: Nauka.

Udeh, M.O. (2001). Inyi History “1900-2000”. Enugu: Chukslink Publishers.

Valerie, I. (2010). Sitting in My House Dreaming of Nepal. Kathmandu: EKTA.

Journals and Periodicals

Akinpelu, B. A., Dare, C.A., Adebesin, F.I., Iwalewa, E.O., and Oyedapo, O.O. (2012). “Effect of Stem-Bark of Erythrophleum Suaveolens (Guill. & Perri.) Saponin on Fresh Water Snail (Lanistes Lybicus) Tissues”, African Journal of Enviromental Science and Technology, Vol. 6 (11).

Arewa, E.O. & Dundes, A. (1964). “Proverbs and the Ethnography of Speaking Folklore”, American Anthropologist. Vol. 66, No. 6, part 2, 70-85.

Borajo, D., Juan Ríos, M., Alicia Pérez & Juan Pazos. (1990). “Dominoes as a Domain Where to Use Proverbs as Heuristics.” Data & Knowledge Engineering, 5, no. 2, 129-137.

Brunvand, J. (2004). “The Early Bird is worth Two in the Bush”: Captain Jack Aubrey’s Fractured Proverbs. What Goes Around Comes Around: The Circulation of Proverbs in Contemporary Life, Kimberly J. Lau, Peter Tokofsky, Stephen D. Winick, (eds.), pp. 152-170. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press.

Chukwulobe, M. C. (1995). “Language and Igbo Philosophy: Towards an Igbo Phenomenology of Language” Philosophy Today, 39, 25-30

Doctor, R. (2005). “Towards a Paremiological Minimum for Gujarati Proverbs”, Proverbium 22:51-70.

Ezeh, P-J. (2013). “In Capsule: Saws and Sex Mores Among the Igbo of Nigeria” Proverbium 30: 1-18

Fielder, S. (1999). “Phraseology in Planned Languages”. Language Problems and Language Planning 23.2: 175-87.

Haas, H. (2008). “Proverb Familiarity in the United States: Cross-Regional Comparisons of the Paremiological Minimum”, Journal of American Folklore 121.481: 319–347.

Harrison, S. (2001). “The Past Altered by the Present- A Melanesian Village After Twenty Years”, Anthropology Today. Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 3-9.

Ifesieh, Emmanuel I. (1983). “The Concept of Chineke [the creator] as Reflected in Igbo Names and Proverbs” Communio Viatorum. 26, no 3, 109-127.

Kalu, O.U. (2002). “Igbo Traditional Religious Systems” in Ofomata, GEK (ed.) A Survey of the Igbo Nation. Onitsha: Africana First Publishers Limited.

Katalin, V. & Litovkina, A. T. (2007). “Proverb is as Proverb Does: A Preliminary Analysis of a Survey on the Use of Hungarian Proverbs and Anti-Proverbs”, Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 52.1: 135-155.

Lau, K. (1996). “‘It’s about Time’: The Ten Proverbs Most Frequently Used in Newspapers and Their Relation to American Values” Proverbium, 13: 135-159.

Madu, Raphael Okechukwu. (1992). “Towards a Hermeneutic Re-creation of Igbo Proverbs on Human Destiny”, in R. Madu (ed.). African Symbols, Proverbs and Myths: The Hermeneutics of Destiny. New York: Peter Lang, 189-230.

Mieder, Wolfgang. (1997). “Modern Paremiology in Retrospect and Prospect”, Paremia, vol. 6: 399-416.

Monye, Ambrose A. (1993). “On the Structure of Aniocha Igbo Proverbs”, Proverbium, 10: 199-214.

Monye, Ambrose A. (1995). “The Use of Proverbs in Ola Rotimi’s The Gods Are not to Blame.” Proverbium, 12: 251-261.

Nwoga, D.I. (1984). “A Dictionary of Igbo Proverbs” Ikoro, July, Vol. V, Nos 1&2: 28.

Opata, Damian (1988). “Personal Attribution in Wellerisms”, International Folklore Review. 6: 39-41.

Opata, Damian (1990). “Characterization in Animal-Derived Wellerisms: Some Selected Igbo Examples”, Proverbium, 7: 217-231.

Opata, Damian. (1992). “The Nature of Speech in Igbo Proverbs”, Proverbium, 9: 187-204.

Unaegbu, J. & Ezeigbo, J. (2013). “Exploring the Existence of the Supreme Deity Concept in Igbo Pre-missionary Contact Religious Thoughts” in Onuigbo & Ibenekwu (eds.) Ikenga International Journal of Institute of African Studies. Vol. 15, Nos. 1 & 2.

Yusuf, Yisa Kehinde. (1995). “Contradictory Yoruba Proverbs about Women: Their Significance for Social Change.” Nigerian Women in Social Change. Eds. Simi Afinja and Bisi Aina. Ile Ife: Programme in Women’s Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Press, 206-215.

Unpublished Works

Ezeh, P-J. (2004). “Censorship in Traditional Orring Mass Communication” being an unpublished PhD Thesis presented to the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, March.

Internet Sources

“Dialectic.” (2009). Microsoft Encarta [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

Inyi, Nigeria. (2015). Wikipedia Online Encyclopaedia. Retrieved September 9, 2015 from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/inyi_Nigeria

Paremiology. (2015). Wikipedia Online Encyclopaedia. Retrieved September 13, 2015 from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/paremiology