IN SEARCH OF PROVERBIALITY “THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL” CONSTRUCTION IN ROMANIAN

Hauptsächlicher Artikelinhalt

Abstract

The paper examines the Romanian construction A este X tuturor Y ‘A is the X of all Y’, as in Iubirea de arginți e rădăcina tuturor relelor ‘The love of money is the source of all evils’, from a corpus-based and probabilistic perspective on proverbiality. The study approaches the construction and its contextual instantiations as a productive network whose proverbial identity emerges from evaluative force, collocational strength and distributional constraint. Drawing on a small, curated corpus of 81 attestations spanning 1581 to 2008, the analysis describes and interprets the contextual syntagmatic dynamics across the three constructional slots (A, X, Y). The results show clear asymmetries: the A-slot allows controlled variation, while the X and Y slots display high degrees of lexical constraint and collocational convergence. The discussion maps the corpus findings onto a multidimensional model of proverbiality, addressing traditionality, stability, evaluativity, generality, grounding, symbolicity, and transferability. The study suggests that proverbiality is a probabilistic effect arising from recurrent structural alignment, semantic constraint and cultural reuse over time.
 

Artikel-Details

Zitationsvorschlag
Milică, I. „IN SEARCH OF PROVERBIALITY: “THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL” CONSTRUCTION IN ROMANIAN“. Proverbium, Bd. 43, Nr. 1, Juli 2026, S. 200-234, doi:10.29162/pv.43.1.1173.

Literaturhinweise

Andersson, Daniel. “Understanding Figurative Proverbs: A Model Based on Conceptual Blending”. Folklore, vol. 124, no. 1, 2013, pp. 28–44.

Anonim. “Ignoranța, cel mai mare monstru”. Realitatea Ilustrată, no. 11, aprilie, 1927, p. 3.

Arora, Shirley L. “The Perception of Proverbiality”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 1, 1984, pp. 1–38.

Bernard, J. H. The Pastoral Epistles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899.

Čermák, František. Lexical and Semantic Aspects of Proverbs. Prague: Karolinum Press, 2019.

Dundes, Alan. Holy Writ as Oral Lit. The Bible as Folklore. Lanham / Boulder / New York / Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999.

Földes, Csaba. „Die Bibel als Quelle Phraseologischer Wendungen: Dargestellt am Deutschen, Russischen und Ungarischen“. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 7, 1990, pp. 57–75.

Frackiewicz, Iwona. „Zu Allgemeinen Kriterien für Eine Konfrontative Sprichwörteranalyse: Am Beispiel der Sprichwörter im Deutschen, Niederländischen und Polnischen“. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 5, 1988, pp. 23–37.

Goodwin, Paul D., and Joseph J. Wenzel. “Proverbs and Practical Reasoning. A Study in Socio-Logic”. In The Wisdom of Many. Essays on the Proverb, edited by Wolfgang Mieder and Alan Dundes, New York / London: Garland Publishing, 1981, pp. 140–160.

Grigas, Kazys. “Some Semantic Enigmas of Proverbs”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 19, 2002, pp. 149–170.

Grzybek, Peter. “Foundations of Semiotic Proverb Study”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 4, 1987, pp. 39–85.

Grzybek, Peter. “Semiotic and Semantic Aspects of The Proverb”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 38, 2021, pp. 67–123.

Hard, Robin. Diogenes the Cynic. Sayings and Anecdotes with Other Popular Moralists. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Hartmann, Stefan, and Tobias Ungerer. “Attack of the snowclones: A corpus-based analysis of extravagant formulaic patterns”. Journal of Linguistics, vol. 60, no. 3, 2024, pp. 599–634.

Holy Bible. The New King James version. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1982.

“Istoriia Țării Rumânești de când au descălecat pravoslavnicii creștini (Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc)”. Cronicari munteni, edited by Anatol Ghermanschi, București: Editura Militară, 1988, pp. 63–127.

Krikmann, Arvo. Proverb Semantics. Studies in Structure, Logic and Metaphor. Edited by Wolfgang Mieder. Burlington, Vermont: The University of Vermont, 2009.

Lewandowska, Anna, Gerd Antos, and Dana Gläßer. “Cognitive Aspects of Proverbs”. Introduction to Paremiology. A Comprehensive Guide to Proverb Studies, edited by Hrisztalina Hrisztova-Gotthardt and Melita Aleksa Varga, Warsaw / Berlin: De Gruyter Open, 2015, pp. 162–182.

Litovkina, Anna T. “The Nature of Women as Revealed through Anglo-American Anti-Proverbs”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 28, 2011, pp. 87–120.

Mac Coinnigh, Marcas. “’The Heart of Irish Language Proverbs’: A Linguo-Stylistic Analysis of Explicit Metaphor”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 30, 2013, pp. 113–150.

Matta, Hilda. „Das Sprichwort: Versuch einer Definition“. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 5, 1988, pp. 69–84.

Meschonnic, H. « Les proverbes, actes de discourse ». Revue de sciences humaines, vol. XLI, no. 163, 1976, pp. 419–430.

Mieder, Wolfgang. Behold the Proverbs of a People. Proverbial Wisdom in Culture, Literature and Folklore. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2014.

Mieder, Wolfgang. Not by Bread Alone. The Proverbs of the Bible. Shelburne, Vermont: The New England Press, 1990.

Mieder, Wolfgang. Proverb. A Handbook. Westport, Connecticut / London: Greenwood Press, 2004.

Mieder, Wolfgang, and Anna Tóthné Litovkina. Twisted Wisdom. Modern Anti-Proverbs. Burlington, Vermont: The University of Vermont, 1999.

Mieder, Wolfgang, Stewart A. Kingsbury, and Kelsie B. Harder. A Dictionary of American Proverbs. New York / Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Mokienko, Valerij M. “Biblismen als Quelle der Europäisierung Nationaler Phraseologismen und Sprichwörter”. Linguo-Cultural Competence and Phraseological Motivation, edited by Antonio Pamies and Dmitrij Dobrovolskij, Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren GmbH, 2011, pp. 91–100.

Muntean, George, ed. Proverbe românești. București: Minerva, 1984.

Norrick, Neal. How Proverbs Mean. Semantic Studies in English Proverbs. Berlin / New York / Amsterdam: Mouton Publishers, 1985.

“O cugetare pe zi”. Universul, no. 115, mai 1895, p. 3.

Odlin, Terence. “Language Universals and Constraints on Proverbial Form”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverbium Scholarship, vol. 3, 1986, pp. 125–151.

Ojo Arewa, E., and Alan Dundes. “Proverbs and the Ethnography of Speaking Folklore”. American Anthropologist, vol. 66, no. 2, 1964, pp. 70–85.

Paschia, Gh. Buna-cuviință oglindită în proverbe din toată lumea. București: Albatros, 1970.

Permyakov, G. L. From proverb to folk tale. Notes on the general theory of cliche. Moscow: Nauka Publishing House, 1979.

Pop, Virgiliu. “Numismatica... proverbială (II)”. Renașterea Bănățeană, no. 1155, December 1993, p. 10.

Popescu, N. C. “Hrănind noroadele...”. Suceava, no. 163, iulie 1939, p. 4.

Saussure, Ferdinand de. Course in General Linguistics. Translated by Wade Baskin. New York: Philosophical Library, 1959.

Simpson, John, and Jennifer Speake, editors. The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Singer, Samuel. Thesaurus proverbiorum medii aevi. Lexikon der Sprichwörter des romanisch-germanischen Mittelalters. Vols. Band 1: A-Birne. Berlin / New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1995.

Strauss, Emanuel. Dictionary of European Proverbs. 3 vols. London: Routledge, 2012.

Taylor, Archer. The Proverb and An Index to The Proverb. Hatboro, Pennsylvania / Copenhagen: Folklore Associates; Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1962.

Taylor, Archer, and Bartlett Jere Whiting. A Dictionary of American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases 1820–1880. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1967.

Tilley, Morris Palmer. A dictionary of the proverbs in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1950.

Turner, Mark. Reading Minds: the study of English in the age of cognitive science. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Turner, Mark, and Gilles Fauconnier. “A Mechanism of Creativity”. Poetics Today, vol. 20, no. 3, 1999, pp. 397–418.

Villers, Damien. “Definition Matters: The Pitfalls of Proverb Studies”. Proverbium. Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship, vol. 41, 2024, pp. 154–173.

Zafiu, Rodica. “Strategii și eșecuri”. Luceafărul, no. 8/56, 1991, p. 4.