COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME TIGRINYA PROVERBS
Main Article Content
Аннотация
The present article largely draws upon the author’s thesis dealing with the topics of birth and death in Tigrinya proverbs, submitted at the Free University of Berlin, Germany. The paper investigates -parallels of some of these proverbs to those from other African as well as Mid- East-ern, European, and Asian language cultures. The relevance of the analysis lies in the fact that, although being the third largest modern Semitic language, Tigrinya remains not sufficiently studied, with many gaps in the academic research of this language, not to mention its proverbial heritage. Although the notion that Tigrinya proverbs have equivalents in other languages might suggest itself, hardly any documented evidence of it has been presented up to the present day. The following analysis thus takes a step toward the comparative study of Tigrinya proverbs by offering an annotated overview of selected proverbs and sayings with their correspondences in other languages.
Article Details
Библиографические ссылки
Abdurāhmān Mahamad Qorrām (1984 EC = 1992 CE): Maḵmāḵa. Yä-haräri tärätənna məssale kännä-ʾamarəñña tərgumu. ʾAddis ʾAbäba: n. pub.
Ahmed, Salwa (2005): Educational and Social Values Expressed by Proverbs in Two Cultures: Knowledge and Use of Proverbs in Sudan and England. Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin. Berlin.
Alabi, Adetayo (2005): When a Mouth is Sweeter than Salt: Toyin Falola and the Autophylographical Genre. In: Falola Toyin/Genova Ann (eds): Yoruba Creativity: Fiction, Language, Life and Songs. Asmara, Trenton: Africa World Press, pp. 155–161.
Alexander, Tamar (2015): Spain, Jews of. In: Patai Raphael/Bar-Itzhak Haya (eds): Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 510–515.
al-Ḥanafī, Ǧalāl (1382 AH = 1962 CE): al-Amṯāl al-Baġdādīyya. Baġdād: Maṭbaʿa asʿad.
ʿAndä-Mikaʾel Sälomon (2001 EC = 2009 CE): Məssəlatat təgrəñña. ʾAsmära.
Aquilina, Joseph (1968): Comparative Maltese and Arabic Proverbs: University of Malta. Journal of Maltese Studies (5), pp. 1–13.
— (1972): A Comparative Dictionary of Maltese Proverbs. Valletta: Royal University of Malta.
Arbeiterwohlfahrt Bundesverb. e.V. (AWO) (1989): Kleine Sammlung von Fabeln, Sprüchen und Rätseln. Tigrinia - Deutsch. Bonn.
Assmann, Jan (2005): Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Bergman, Elizabeth M. (1996): ma-tiʿraf xeeri: Verbal Negation in Egyptian and Moroccan Arabic Proverbs. In: Eid Mushira/Parkinson Dilworth B. (eds): Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics. Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics. Amsterdam/Philadeplhia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 223–245.
Botezatu, Grigore/Hîncu, Andrei (2001): Dicţionar de proverbe şi zicători româneşti. Bucureşti, Chişinău: Litera Internaţional.
Brookman-Amissah, Joseph (1986): Akan Proverbs about Death. Anthropos: 81(1/3), pp. 75–85.
Brunot, Louis/Malka, Elie (1937): Proverbes judéo-arabes de Fès. Hespéris: Archives berbères et bulletin de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines: 24, pp. 153–181.
Chramcova, Ol'ga (2011): Suomalaisia sananlaskuja ja sananparsia venäläisine vastineineen. St. Petersburg: Karo.
Cohen, David (1964): Le parler arabe des juifs de Tunis. Textes et documents linguistiques et ethnographiques. Paris: Mouton. (Études juives: 7).
Conti Rossini, Carlo (1942): Proverbi, tradizioni e canzoni tigrine. Verbania: Ambrogio Airoldi. (Collezione scientifica e documentaria dell'Africa Italiana: V).
Cypriot Academy: Proverbs. Available at: http://www.cypriotacademy.com/ proverbs.html (accessed 21 May 2019).
Dadašev, Michail (2006): Russko-tatskij (gorsko-evrejskij) slovarʹ. Moskva: Sobranie.
Decurtins, Caspar (1917): Rätoromanische Chrestomathie. Band XI: Bergellisch, Unterengadinisch. Romanische Forschungen: 37, 167–173, 246–248.
Duden (1992): Redewendungen und sprichwörtliche Redensarten. Idiomatisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Bearb. v. Günther Drosdowski, Werner Scholze-Stubenrecht. Mannheim. (Der Duden in zwölf Bänden: Bd. 11).
Folklore Research Center, The Hebrew University: The Israeli Proverb Index. Jerusalem.
Gabriel, Gavino (1956): Proverbi Tigrini. Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano perl'Africa e l'Oriente: 11 (8/12), p. 213.
Ghirmai Negash (1999): A History of Tigrinya Literature in Eritrea. The Oral and the Written, 1890–1991. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Universiteit Leiden.
Girma Berhanu (2006): Parenting (Parental Attitude), Child Development, and Modalities of Parent-Child Interactions. Sayings, Proverbs, and Maxims of Ethiopian Jews in Israel. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology: 5 (3), pp.266–287.
Gisbert, Adolf (2011): Refranyer temàtic. Amb breu explicació de significat i lèxic,referència a equivalents, similars i contraris, i corresponents i similars en castellà. Godella.
Grigas, Kazys (1987): Patarlių paralelės. Lietuvių patarlės su latvių, baltarusių, rusų, lenkų, vokiečių, anglų, lotynų, prancūzų, ispanų atitikmenimis. Vilnius: Vaga.
Guðmundur Jónsson (1830): Safn af Íslenzkum orðskviðum, fornmælum, heilræðum, snilliyrðum, sannmælum og málsgreinum. Kaupmannahöfn: S. L. Møller.
Guidi, Ignazio (1891): Proverbi, strofe e favole abissine. GSAI (Giornale Della Società Asiatica Italiana): 5, pp. 27–82.
Gäbrä-Kidan Dästa (1994 EC = 2001/2002 CE): Mäq̱ärät məssəlatat təgrəñña. ʾAddis ʾAbäba.
Gözpınar, Halis (2014): Turkish-Georgian Equivalent Proverbs and Turkish Loanwords in Georgian Language. Karadeniz / Blacksea: 6 (21), pp. 116–126.
Hübschmannová, Milena (1991): God'aver lava phure Romendar. Moudrá slova starých Romů. Praha: Apeiron.
Institute of Islamic Studies of the University of Zaragoza (2013): A Descriptive and Comparative Grammar of Andalusi Arabic. Leiden: Brill.
Isleem, Nasser M. (2009): Popular Proverbs. An Entrance to Palestinian Culture. Norwell, MA: Alucen Learning.
Kamber, Saiwan (2015): Kurdish Proverbs and Sayings. Feylî Dialect, English Translation. [Stockholm]: Books on Demand.
Kapčic, Georgij (1983): Somalijskie poslovicy i pogovorki. Moskva: Nauka.
Kassis, Riad Aziz (1999): The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works. Leiden: Brill. (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum: 74).
Kavari, Jekura Uaurika (2013): Omiano vya Tjipangandjara. Otjiherero Proverbs and Idioms. Windhoek: University of Namibia Press.
Korpiola, Kyösti (1992): Japanilaisia ja suomalaisia sananlaskuja. Helsinki: Suomalais-Japanilainen Yhdistys.
Kәbräʾab Wäldä-Giyorgis/ʾErmәyas Kәbräʾab (2006): Yattawәn zämänawәn mәssәlatat təgrəñña. Traditional and Modern Proverbs of Tigrinya. Over 5,000 proverbs and riddles. Guelph, Ont.: ErmiPublishing.
Lambert, Wilfred G. (1996 [1960]): Babylonian Wisdom Literature. Winona Lake, Ind [Oxford]: Eisenbrauns.
Lepešaŭ, Ivan/Jakalcėvič, Maryja (2011): Tlumačal'ny sloŭnik prykazak. Hrodna.
Leslau, Wolf (1982): Harari Riddles. Rassegna Di Studi Etiopici: 29, pp. 39–85.
Lethin, Joyce Bynum (1972): Syriac Proverbs from California. Western Folklore: 31 (2), pp. 87–101.
McCarthy, Richard Joseph; Raffouli, Faraj (1964): Spoken Arabic of Baghdad. Anthology of Texts. Beirut: Librairie orientale (Pt. 2).
Melzian, Hans J. (1929): Zehn Sprichwörter und ein Märchen aus dem Duala. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute: 2 (1), pp. 71–73.
Mitchell, Stephen (2004): Gilgamesh. A New English Version. New York: Free Press.
Owomoyela, Oyekan (2005): Yoruba proverbs. Lincoln, London: University of Nebraska Press.
Panosian, Tamar (2007): Armenian-Persian-English Proverbs. Toronto: Louys Publications.
Permjakov, Grigorij (1979): Poslovicy i pogovorki narodov Vostoka. Sistematizirovannoe sobranie izrečenij dvuchsot narodov. Moskva: Nauka.
Petrova, Rumyana (2014): Contrastive Study of Proverbs. In:Aleksa Varga Melita /Hrisztova-Gotthardt Hrisztalina (eds): Introduction to Paremiology: A Comprehensive Guide to Proverb Studies. Warsaw/Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 243–261.
Praetorius, Franz (1885): Tigriña-Sprüchwörter. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft: 39, pp. 322–326.
Reinisch, Leo (1889): Die Saho-Sprache. Texte der Saho-Sprache. Wien: Alfred Hölder: 1).
Richter, Renate/Eshetu Kebbede (1994): Sprichwörter aus Äthiopien. Köln: Köppe.
Sabar, Yona (1978): Multilingual Proverbs in the Neo-Aramaic Speech of the Jews of Zakho, Iraqi Kurdistan. International Journal of Middle East Studies: 9 (2), pp. 215–235.
Sagiw, Dawid/Landau, Yaʿaqov M. (1998): Sefer ha-pitgamim / Kitāb al-ʾamṯāl. ʿIvri-ʿaravi / ʿIbrī-ʿarabī. Yərušalayim, Tel-Aviv.
Sakayan, Dora (1997): Folk Beliefs in Armenian Proverbs. In: Awde Nicholas (ed.): Armenian Perspectives. 10th Anniversary Conference of the Association Internationale Des Études Arméniennes. School of Oriental and African Studies, London. Richmond: Curzon, pp. 157–182.
Ṣəgeräda Täḵlä/ʾAsmällaš Wäldä-Maryam/ʾAsmärom Gäbrä-Səllasä (1985 EC = 1992/1993 CE): Məssəlatat. Yä-Təgrəñña məssaleyawi nəgəggəročč. ʾAddis ʾAbäba: bet maḥtäm ʾArtistik.
Shanker, Mark (2010, Summer): Traces of Sepharad. Jewish Currents, pp. 40–47.
Simeonova, Ruska (2009): Deutsche und Bulgarische Sprichwörter und Antisprichwörter. Plovdiv: Koala Press.
Sohn, Ho-min (2006): Korean Language in Culture and Society. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
Solomon Berhane Hagos (2015): The Portrayal of Women in Tigrigna Proverbs and Proverbial Expressions: The Stereotypical Beliefs and Behavioral Tendencies. In International Journal of English Literature and Culture 6 (3), pp. 183–189.
Stol, Marten (2016): Women in the Ancient Near East. Boston/Berlin: De Gruyter.
Stone, Jon R. (2006): The Routledge Book of World Proverbs. London/New York: Taylor & Francis.
Stypuła, Ryszard (1974): Słownik przysłów rosyjsko-polski i polsko-rosyjski. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna.
Syzdykov, Kanat (2014): Contrastive Studies on Proverbs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences: 136, pp. 318–321.
Sälomon Gäbrä-Ḵrәstos (1995): Mәssәla. Nәdäläyti lәbbona. Nayrobi (?) / ʾAsmära: Frančäskana.
Sämärä Gäbrä-Tənsaʾe (2014): Məqqur Təgrəñña. Səwwəyan məssəlatatən. Mannheim (?): n. pub.
Talaat, Ahmed (1975): Comparative Study of Maltese and Egyptian Proverbs: University of Malta. Journal of Maltese Studies (10), pp. 55–64.
Talay, Shabo (2017): S̆lomo Surayt. An Introductory Course in Surayt Aramaic (Turoyo). Glane: Bar Habraeus Verlag.
Trimnell, Edward (2004): Tigers, Devils, and Fools: A Guide to Japanese Proverbs. Cincinnati, Ohio: Beechmont Crest Publishing.
Yətbaräḵ Gədäy (1991 EC = 1998 CE): Ḥənq̱ə-ḥənqəlitäy məs məssəlatat təgrəñña. Mäq̱älä: Mega Printing Enterprise.
Yosef ʾAläm-ayyähu (1993 EC = 2000 CE): Məssəlatat təgrəñña. Mäq̱älä: Mega Printing Enterprise.
Zajączkowski, Włodzimierz (1947): Przysłowia, powiedzenia i formułki Karaimów trockich. Myśl Karaimska: 24 (2), pp. 53–65.